Names of negative Poisson's ratio materials: auxetic materials, anti-rubber, dilational materials

Negative Poisson's ratio materials: names- auxetic, anti-rubber, dilational

Rod Lakes, University of Wisconsin

[Poisson main] [Original article] [Causal mechanisms] [Chirality] [Synthesis method] [Advances] [Structural hierarchy] [End effects] [Fastener] [Work by others]

[Meaning of Poisson's ratio]

[Negative stiffness inclusions]

[Rod Lakes Home]

Names of these materials
Materials with a negative Poisson's ratio [1] have been called anti-rubber [2], dilational materials [3], or auxetic materials [4]; are also called auxetics. The name anti-rubber arises from the fact that negative Poisson's ratio materials become fatter in cross section when stretched. By contrast rubber becomes thinner. The name dilational arises from the fact that solids with negative Poisson's ratio n easily undergo volume changes. By contrast, rubbery materials easily undergo shape changes (shear deformation) but they are much stiffer in relation to volume changes. The distinction is shown in a map adapted from Milton. The name auxetic, or auxetics, after Evans and co-workers, is derived from the root word for growth, alluding to the lateral expansion which occurs under tension.
Description
Novel materials are presented, which exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio. Such a material expands laterally when stretched, in contrast to ordinary materials. The original negative Poisson's ratio foam was developed by Rod Lakes. Foam materials with a negative Poisson's ratio as small as n = -0.7 were developed [1] in which an inverted or re-entrant cell structure was achieved by isotropic permanent volumetric compression of a conventional foam, resulting in microbuckling of the cell ribs. The cause of the negative Poisson's ratio is non-affine deformation.
green bullet In a recent advance [5] , conceptual laminate structures have been presented by Milton . These laminates give rise to intentional negative Poisson's ratios combined with mechanical isotropy in two dimensions or in three dimensions [3]. These laminates have structure on several levels of scale; they are hierarchical. By appropriate choice of constituent properties one can achieve Poisson's ratios approaching the lower limit of -1. The laminate Poisson's ratio is close to the rigorous lower bound which is independent of the microstructure, therefore it will not be possible to find microstructures with much lower Poisson's ratio for given constituent stiffnesses
Review articles on auxetic or dilational materials are given by Lakes in [5] and by Evans and Alderson in [6].
References
[1] R. S. Lakes, "Foam structures with a negative Poisson's ratio", Science , 235 1038-1040, 1987
[2] J. Glieck, The New York Times, 14 April 1987.
[3] G. Milton, "Composite materials with Poisson's ratios close to -1", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 40, 1105-1137, 1992
[4] B. D. Caddock, and K. E. Evans, "Microporous materials with negative Poisson's ratio: I. Microstructure and mechanical properties", J. Phys. D., Appl. Phys. , 22, 1877-1882, 1989.
[5] R. S. Lakes, " Advances in negative Poisson's ratio materials", Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany), 5, 293-296, 1993.
[6] K. E. Evans and A. Alderson, "Auxetic materials: functional materials and structures from lateral thinking", Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany), 12, 617-628, 2000.

More references, negative Poisson's ratio, 1985-2005, top recent.

Physica Status Solidi (b), special issue on negative Poisson's ratio, Volume 242, Issue 3, Pages 487-763 (March 2005),
Selected titles

Rapid Research Letter

High-energy vibrational modes in nitrogen-doped ZnO (p R21-R23) U. Haboeck, A. Hoffmann, C. Thomsen, A. Zeuner, B. K. Meyer

The asymmetry of the lobe contrasts in two-beam TEM as a test to obtain the Burgers vector of an inclined relaxing dislocation (p R24-R26) Chokri Hadj Belgacem, Abdelaziz Ati, Roland Bonnet

Experimental evidence for magnetic resonance in the antiferro-quadrupole phase (p R27-R29) S. V. Demishev, A. V. Semeno, Yu. B. Paderno, N. Yu. Shitsevalova, N. E. Sluchanko

Low temperature ultrasonic investigation of ZnSe crystals doped with Ni (p R30-R32) Vladimir Gudkov, Alexander Lonchakov, Victor Sokolov, Irina Zhevstovskikh, Nikita Gruzdev

Searching for auxetics with DYNA3D and ParaDyn (p 487) Wm. G. Hoover, C. G. Hoover

Martin Stutzmann: Editor, Teacher, Scientist and Friend (p 493-494) Manuel Cardona

New Regional Editor in the USA (p 495)

Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 242/3 (p 497) Krzysztof W. Wojciechowski, Andrew Alderson, Arkadiusz Braka, Kim L. Alderson

Quantitative analysis of the microscale of auxetic foams (p 550-560) N. Gaspar, C. W. Smith, E. A. Miller, G. T. Seidler, K. E. Evans

Auxetic behaviour from rotating rigid units (p 561-575) J. N. Grima, A. Alderson, K. E. Evans

Searching for auxetics with DYNA3D and ParaDyn (p 585-594) Wm. G. Hoover, C. G. Hoover

Thermal expansion and contraction of polymer thin films (p 595-606) T. Kanaya, T. Miyazaki, R. Inoue, K. Nishida

Molecular dynamics study of the high-temperature elasticity of SiO2 polymorphs: Structural phase transition and elastic anomaly (p 607-620) Hajime Kimizuka, Hideo Kaburaki

Structural changes in amorphous Fe41Ni40Zr7B12 alloy under heat treatment (p 621-625) S. Kostyrya, Z. niadecki, B. Idzikowski

Poisson's ratio of degenerate crystalline phases of three-dimensional hard dimers and hard cyclic trimers (p 626-631) M. Kowalik, K. W. Wojciechowski

Simulation of a superconducting granular system on a honeycomb structure (p 632-636) G. Mancini, R. Natali

Al-based systems with unusual mechanical and transport properties (p 637-644) K. Müllerová, J. Kovácik, F. Simancík, P. vec

Extreme viscoelastic properties of composites of strongly inhomogeneous structures due to negative stiffness phases (p 645-652) V. V. Novikov, K. W. Wojciechowski

Expanding the range of auxetic polymeric products using a novel melt-spinning route (p 653-664) N. Ravirala, A. Alderson, K. L. Alderson, P. J. Davies

Directional and band-gap behavior of periodic auxetic lattices (p 665-680) M. Ruzzene, F. Scarpa

Auxetic compliant flexible PU foams: static and dynamic properties (p 681-694) F. Scarpa, P. Pastorino, A. Garelli, S. Patsias, M. Ruzzene

Global and local linear buckling behavior of a chiral cellular structure (p 695-709) A. Spadoni, M. Ruzzene, F. Scarpa

Auxetic behaviour: appearance and engineering applications (p 710-720) G. E. Stavroulakis

Stereographic projections of Poisson's ratio in auxetic crystals (p 721-729) S. P. Tokmakova

Monte Carlo simulation of two-dimensional hard body systems with extreme values of the Poisson's ratio (p 730-741) K. V. Tretiakov, K. W. Wojciechowski

Design of auxetic polymer self-assemblies (p 742-748) Gaoyuan Wei

Liquids at negative pressure (p 749-761) C. Xiao, D. M. Heyes, J. G. Powles

Editorial Note Gallium nitride nanowires with a metal initiated metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) approach [phys. stat. sol. (b) 241, 2775 (2004)] (p 763) Sang-Kwon Lee, Heon-Jin Choi, Peter Pauzauskie, Peidong Yang, Nam-Kyu Cho, Hyo-Derk Park, Eun-Kyung Suh, Kee-Young Lim, Hyung-Jae Lee

Static and high constant strain rate loading on auxetic and conventional PU foam Scarpa, F. ; Cannas, A.; Yates, J.R. Journal of Advanced Materials, v 37, n 3, July 2005, p 11-14

Investigation of high and negative Poisson's ratio laminates Peel, Larry D.
International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (Proceedings), v 50, SAMPE 05: New Horizons for Materials and Processing Technologies - Conference Proceedings, 2005, p 821-834

Vibration damping of fiber-reinforced polyurethane using high and negative poisson's ratio laminates Keshavamurthy, Deepak ; Hossakere, Krishna Murthy; Peel, Larry D.
International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (Proceedings), v 50, SAMPE 05: New Horizons for Materials and Processing Technologies - Conference Proceedings, 2005, p 873-887

Auxetic strains - Insight from iso-auxetic materials Blumenfeld, R.
Molecular Simulation, v 31, n 13, Nov 1, 2005, p 867-871

Dynamic simulations of potentially auxetic liquid-crystalline polymers incorporating swivelling mesogens Aldred, P. ; Moratti, S.C.
Molecular Simulation, v 31, n 13, Nov 1, 2005, p 883-887

Modelling of the mechanical and mass transport properties of auxetic molecular sieves: An idealised inorganic (zeolitic) host-guest system Alderson, A. ; Davies, P.J.; Evans, K.E.; Alderson, K.L.; Grima, J.N.
Molecular Simulation, v 31, n 13, Nov 1, 2005, p 889-896

Modelling of the mechanical and mass transport properties of auxetic molecular sieves: An idealised organic (polymeric honeycomb) host-guest system Alderson, A. ; Davies, P.J.; Williams, M.R.; Evans, K.E.; Alderson, K.L.; Grima, J.N.
Molecular Simulation, v 31, n 13, Nov 1, 2005, p 897-905

Modelling of auxetic networked polymers built from calix[4]arene building blocks Grima, J.N. ; Williams, J.J.; Gatt, R.; Evans, K.E.
Molecular Simulation, v 31, n 13, Nov 1, 2005, p 907-913

Empirical modelling using dummy atoms (EMUDA): An alternative approach for studying "auxetic" structures Grima, J.N. ; Gatt, R.; Bray, T.G.C.; Alderson, A.; Evans, K.E.
Molecular Simulation, v 31, n 13, Nov 1, 2005, p 915-924

On the potential of connected stars as auxetic systems Grima, J.N. ; Gatt, R.; Alderson, A.; Evans, K.E.
Molecular Simulation, v 31, n 13, Nov 1, 2005, p 925-935

Expanding the range of auxetic polymeric products using a novel melt-spinning route Ravirala, N. ; Alderson, A.; Alderson, K.L.; Davies, P.J.
Physica Status Solidi B, v 242, n 3, March 2005, p 653-64

Mechanical performance of auxetic polyurethane foam for antivibration glove applications Scarpa, F. ; Giacomin, J.; Zhang, Y.; Pastorino, P.
Cellular Polymers, v 24, n 5, 2005, p 253-268

Modelling the deformation mechanisms, structure-property relationships and applications of auxetic nanomaterials Alderson, A. ; Alderson, K.L.; Evans, K.E.; Grima, J.N.; Williams, M.R.; Davies, P.J.
Physica Status Solidi B, v 242, n 3, March 2005, p 499-508

How to make auxetic fibre reinforced composites Alderson, K.L. ; Simkins, V.R.; Coenen, V.L.; Davies, P.J.; Alderson, A.; Evans, K.E.
Physica Status Solidi B, v 242, n 3, March 2005, p 509-18

Quantitative analysis of the microscale of auxetic foams Gaspar, N. ; Smith, C.W.; Miller, E.A.; Seidler, G.T.; Evans, K.E.
Physica Status Solidi B, v 242, n 3, March 2005, p 550-60

Auxetic behaviour from rotating rigid units Grima, J.N. ; Alderson, A.; Evans, K.E.
Physica Status Solidi B, v 242, n 3, March 2005, p 561-75

Toward molecular auxetics: main chain liquid crystalline polymers consisting of laterally attached para-quaterphenyls He, C. ; Liu, P.; McMullan, P.J.; Griffin, A.C.
Physica Status Solidi B, v 242, n 3, March 2005, p 576-84

An alternative explanation for the negative Poisson's ratios in auxetic foams Grima, J.N. ; Alderson, A.; Evans, K.E.
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, v 74, n 4, April 2005, p 1341-2

Negative poisson's ratios in anisotropic linear elastic media Ting, T.C.T.
Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME, v 72, n 6, November, 2005, p 929-931

Constant strain-rate compression test of a fluid-saturated poroelastic sample with positive or negative Poisson's ratio Sawaguchi, H.; Kurashige, M.
Acta Mechanica, v 179, n 3-4, November, 2005, p 145-156

On the origin of auxetic behaviour in the silicate a-cristobalite Grima, Joseph N.; Gatt, Ruben; Alderson, Andrew; Evans, Kenneth E.
Journal of Materials Chemistry, v 15, n 37, Oct 7, 2005, p 4003-4005

Composites with inclusions of negative bulk modulus: Extreme damping and negative poisson's ratio Wang, Y.C.; Lakes, R.S.
Journal of Composite Materials, v 39, n 18, 2005, p 1645-1657

Expanding materials and applications: Exploiting auxetic textiles Andy; Alderson, Kim
Technical Textiles International, v 14, n 6, September, 2005, p 29-34

Single fibre pullout tests on auxetic polymeric fibres Simkins, V.R. ; Alderson, A.; Davies, P.J.; Alderson, K.L.
Journal of Materials Science, v 40, n 16, August, 2005, p 4355-4364

High-pressure elasticity and auxetic property of a-cristobalite Kimizuka, Hajime
Materials Transactions, v 46, n 6, June, 2005, p 1161-1166

Polyurethane foam with a negative Poisson's ratio for diabetic shoes Park, K.O.; Choi, J.B.; Lee, S.J.; Choi, H.H.; Kim, J.K.
Key Engineering Materials, v 288-289, 2005, p 677-80

Design of an artificial intervertebral disc exhibiting a negative poisson's ratio Martz, Erik O.; Lakes, Roderic S.; Goel, Vijay K.; Park, Joon B.
Cellular Polymers, v 24, n 3, 2005, p 127-138

Metamaterial and auxetic hybrid composite antennas Gupta, N.; Gupta, K.M.
2005 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005, p 414-17

Auxetic polypropylene films Ravirala, N.; Alderson, A.; Alderson, K.L.; Davies, P.J.
Polymer Engineering and Science, v 45, n 4, April, 2005, p 517-528

Novel fabrication route for auxetic polyethylene. Part 1. Processing and microstructure Alderson, K.L.; Kettle, A.P.; Evans, K.E.
Polymer Engineering and Science, v 45, n 4, April, 2005, p 568-578

Mandel and Cryer problems of fluid-saturated foams with negative Poisson's ratio Kurashige, M.; Sato, K.; Imai, K.
Acta Mechanica, v 175, n 1-4, March, 2005, p 25-43

Novel honeycombs with auxetic behaviour Gaspar, N.; Ren, X.J.; Smith, C.W.; Grima, J.N.; Evans, K.E.
Acta Materialia, v 53, n 8, May, 2005, p 2439-2445

Modelling of negative poisson's ratio nanomaterials: Deformation mechanisms, structure-property relationships and applications Alderson, A.; Alderson, K.L.; Evans, K.E.; Grima, J.N.; Williams, M.
Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials, v 23, 2005, p 55-58

Elastic model of an entangled network of interconnected fibres accounting for negative Poisson ratio behaviour and random triangulation Delannay, Francis
International Journal of Solids and Structures, v 42, n 8, April, 2005, p 2265-2285

Passive and MR fluid-coated auxetic PU foam - Mechanical, acoustic, and electromagnetic properties Scarpa, F. (Multidomain Cell. Solids Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield); Smith, F.C. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, v 15, n 12, December, 2004, p 973-979

An overview of worldwide developments in smart textiles Sastry, U.R.B. (Hochschule Nierderrhein, Monchengladbach, Germany) Technical Textiles International, June 2004, p 31-5

Tensile properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys Kellogg, R.A. (Sandia National Laboratories, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University); Russell, A.M.; Lograsso, T.A.; Flatau, A.B.; Clark, A.E.; Wun-Fogle, M. Acta Materialia, v 52, n 17, Oct 4, 2004, p 5043-5050

Directions of auxeticity for monoclinic crystals Rovati, Marco (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Trente) Scripta Materialia, v 51, n 11, November, 2004, p 1087-1091

Regular network of contacting cylinders with implications for materials with negative poisson ratios Pikhitsa, Peter V. (Natl. CRI Ctr. Nano Particle Contr., Inst. of Adv. Machinery and Design, Seoul National University) Physical Review Letters, v 93, n 1, Jul 2, 2004, p 015505-1-015505-4

On auxetic materials Yang, Wei (Coll. of Poly. Sci. and Engineering, Sichuan University, Stt. Key Lab. of Poly. Mat. Eng.); Li, Zhong-Ming; Shi, Wei; Xie, Bang-Hu; Yang, Ming-Bo Journal of Materials Science, v 39, n 10, May 15, 2004, p 3269-3279

Finite elements computation for the elastic properties of a regular stacking of hollow spheres Gasser, S. (LTPCM/INPG, Domaine Universitaire de Grenoble); Paun, F.; Brechet, Y. Materials Science and Engineering A, v 379, n 1-2, Aug 15, 2004, p 240-244

A study of negative Poisson's ratios in auxetic honeycombs based on a large deflection model Wan, Hui (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University); Ohtaki, Hideyuki; Kotosaka, Shinya; Hu, Guoming European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids, v 23, n 1, January/February, 2004, p 95-106

Trends in acoustic properties of iron particle seeded auxetic polyurethane foam Scarpa, F. (Multidomain Cell. Solids Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield); Bullough, W.A.; Lumley, P. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, v 218, n 2, February, 2004, p 241-244

Dynamic properties of high structural integrity auxetic open cell foam Scarpa, F. (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield); Ciffo, L.G.; Yates, J.R. Smart Materials and Structures, v 13, n 1, February, 2004, p 49-56

The design, matching and manufacture of auxetic carbon fibre laminates Evans, K.E. (Centre for Mat. Res. and Innovation, Bolton Institute); Donoghue, J.P.; Alderson, K.L. Journal of Composite Materials, v 38, n 2, 2004, p 95-106

Design of honeycomb-like composites for electromagnetic and structural applications Smith, F.C. (Department of Engineering, University of Hull); Scarpa, F. IEE Proceedings: Science, Measurement and Technology, v 151, n 1, January, 2004, p 9-15

Elastic model of an entangled network of interconnected fibres accounting for negative Poisson ratio behaviour and random triangulation Delannay, Francis (Dept. Sci. des Mat. et des Procedes, PCIM, Univ. Catholique de Louvain) International Journal of Solids and Structures, v 42, n 8, April, 2005, p 2265-2285

Lattice anomaly of MgB (h-BN) and related compounds under various compression conditions Kobayashi, Kazuaki (Compl. Materials Science Center, Natl. Inst. for Materials Science); Arai, Masao Molecular Simulation, v 30, n 13-15, Nov 15, 2004, p 981-986

Acoustic characterization of the elastic properties of austenite phase and martensitic transformations in CuAlNi shape memory alloy Cernoch, T. (Institute of Physics, Acad. of Sci. of the Czech Republic); Landa, M.; Novak, V.; Sedlak, P.; Sittner, P. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v 378, n 1-2, Sep 22, 2004, p 140-144

Aguirre-Tostado FS, Herrera-Gomez A, Woicik JC, et al. Elastic anomaly for SrTiO3 thin films grown on Si(001) PHYSICAL REVIEW B 70 (20): Art. No. 201403 NOV 2004

Elastic constants, internal friction, and piezoelectric coefficient of alpha -TeO/sub 2/ Ogi, H. (Graduate Sch. of Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ., Japan;); Fukunaga, M.; Hirao, M.; Ledbetter, H. Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), v 69, n 2, 1 Jan. 2004, p 24104-1-8

Wu HM, Wei GY Molecular design of new kinds of auxetic polymers and networks CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 22 (4): 355-362 AUG 2004

Wu HM, Wei GY Molecular design of several types of self-assembly auxetic networks ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA (2): 201-207 APR 2004

Yang X, Yang MB, Li ZM, et al. The negative poisson's ratio effect of polyolefin blends ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA (2): 221-224 APR 2003

Wojciechowski KW Non-chiral, molecular model of negative Poisson ratio in two dimensions JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL 36 (47): 11765-11778 NOV 28 2003 Lim, TC Constitutive relationship of a material with unconventional Poisson's ratio J MATER SCI LETT22 (24): 1783-1786 DEC 15 2003

Gaspar, N, Smith, CW, Evans, KE Effect of heterogeneity on the elastic properties of auxetic materials J APPL PHYS94 (9): 6143-6149 NOV 1 2003

Ruzzene, M, Scarpa, F Control of wave propagation in sandwich beams with auxetic core J INTEL MAT SYST STR14 (7): 443-453 JUL 2003

Wojciechowski, KW Remarks on "Poisson ratio beyond the limits of the elasticity theory" J PHYS SOC JPN72 (7): 1819-1820 JUL 2003

Ruzzene, M, Scarpa, F, Soranna, F Wave beaming effects in two-dimensional cellular structures SMART MATER STRUCT12 (3): 363-372 JUN 2003

Pleskachevskii, YM, Shil'ko, SV, Chernous, DA Structural modeling in the mechanics of porous materials MECH COMPOS MATER39 (2): 129-136 MAR-APR 2003

Whitty, JPM, Alderson, A, Myler, P, et al. Towards the design of sandwich panel composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties by variation of the in-plane Poisson's ratios COMPOS PART A-APPL S34 (6): 525-534 2003

Ruzzene, M, Mazzarella, L, Tsopelas, P, et al. Wave propagation in sandwich plates with periodic auxetic core J INTEL MAT SYST STR13 (9): 587-597 SEP 2002

Wojciechowski, KW, Tretiakov, KV, Kowalik, M Elastic properties of dense solid phases of hard cyclic pentamers and heptamers in two dimensions PHYS REV E 67 (3): - Part 2 MAR 2003

Scarpa, F, Smith, FC, Chambers, B, et al. Mechanical and electromagnetic behaviour of auxetic honeycomb structures AERONAUT J 107 (1069): 175-183 MAR 2003

Rovati, M On the negative Poisson's ratio of an orthorhombic alloy SCRIPTA MATER 48 (3): 235-240 FEB 3 2003

Scarpa, F, Yates, JR, Ciffo, LG, et al. Dynamic crushing of auxetic open-cell polyurethane foam P I MECH ENG C-J MEC 216 (12): 1153-1156 2002

Huang, FY, Yan, BH, Yang, DU The effects of material constants on the micropolar elastic honeycomb structure with negative Poisson's ratio using the finite element method ENG COMPUTATION19 (7-8): 742-763 2002

Yang, DU, Lee, S, Huang, FY Geometric effects on micropolar elastic honeycomb structure with negative Poisson's ratio using the finite element method FINITE ELEM ANAL DES39 (3): 187-205 JAN 2003

Lim, TC Functionally graded beam for attaining Poisson-curving J MATER SCI LETT 21 (24): 1899-1901 DEC 15 2002

Alderson, KL, Alderson, A, Smart, G, et al. Auxetic polypropylene fibres Part 1 - Manufacture and characterisation PLAST RUBBER COMPOS 31 (8): 344-349 2002

Alderson, A, Evans, KE Molecular origin of auxetic behavior in tetrahedral framework silicates PHYS REV LETT 89 (22): - NOV 25 2002

Lim, TC Material structure for attaining pure Poisson-shearing J MATER SCI LETT 21 (20): 1595-1597 OCT 15 2002

Wang, YC, Lakes, R Analytical parametric analysis of the contact problem of human buttocks and negative Poisson's ratio foam cushions INT J SOLIDS STRUCT 39 (18): 4825-4838 SEP 2002

Whitty, JPM, Nazare, F, Alderson, A Modelling the effects of density variations on the in-plane Poisson's ratios and Young's moduli of periodic conventional and re-entrant honeycombs - Part 1: Rib thickness variations CELL POLYM21 (2): 69-98 2002

Flavin, J, Gleeson, B Pointwise and other decay estimates for an isotropic elastic strip J ELASTICITY64 (2-3): 191-197 2001

Wang, YC, Lakes, R, Butenhoff, A Influence of cell size on re-entrant transformation of negative Poisson's ratio reticulated polyurethane foams CELL POLYM 20 (6): 373-385 2001

Huang, X, Blackburn, S Developing a new processing route to manufacture honeycomb ceramics with negative Poisson's ratio KEY ENG MAT 206-2: 201-204 2002

Alderson, A, Evans, KE Rotation and dilation deformation mechanisms for auxetic behaviour in the alpha-cristobalite tetrahedral framework structure PHYS CHEM MINER 28 (10): 711-718 NOV 2001

Brandel, B, Lakes, RS Negative Poisson's ratio polyethylene foams J MATER SCI 36 (24): 5885-5893 2001

Rasburn, J, Mullarkey, PG, Evans, KE, et al. Auxetic structures for variable permeability systems AICHE J47 (11): 2623-2626 NOV 2001

Bowick, M, Cacciuto, A, Thorleifsson, G, et al. Universal negative Poisson ratio of self-avoiding fixed-connectivity membranes PHYS REV LETT 87 (14): - OCT 1 2001

Lakes, RS, Lee, T, Bersie, A, et al. Extreme damping in composite materials with negative-stiffness inclusions NATURE 410 (6828): 565-567 MAR 29 2001

Arias, F, Kenis, PJA, Xu, B, et al. Fabrication and characterization of microscale sandwich beams J MATER RES16 (2): 597-605 FEB 2001

Grima, JN, Jackson, R, Alderson, A, et al. Do zeolites have negative Poisson's ratios? ADV MATER 12 (24): 1912-+ DEC 15 2000

Matsuoka, T, Yamamoto, S, Takahara, M Prediction of structures and mechanical properties of composites using a genetic algorithm and finite element method J MATER SCI 36 (1): 27-33 JAN 2001

Smith, FC, Scarpa, F, Chambers, B The electromagnetic properties of re-entrant dielectric honeycombs IEEE MICROW GUIDED W10 (11): 451-453 NOV 2000

Smith, CW, Grima, JN, Evans, KE A novel mechanism for generating auxetic behaviour in reticulated foams: Missing rib foam model ACTA MATER 48 (17): 4349-4356 NOV 8 2000

Scarpa, F, Panayiotou, P, Tomlinson, G Numerical and experimental uniaxial loading on in-plane auxetic honeycombs J STRAIN ANAL ENG 35 (5): 383-388 SEP 2000

Scarpa, F, Tomlin, PJ On the transverse shear modulus of negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb structures FATIGUE FRACT ENG M23 (8): 717-720 AUG 2000

Webber, RS, Alderson, KL, Evans, KE Novel variations in the microstructure of the auxetic microporous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Part 1: Processing and microstructure POLYM ENG SCI40 (8): 1894-1905 AUG 2000

Alderson, KL, Webber, RS, Evans, KE Novel variations in the microstructure of auxetic ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Part 2: Mechanical properties POLYM ENG SCI40 (8): 1906-1914 AUG 2000

Ishibashi, Y, Iwata, M A microscopic model of a negative Poisson's ratio in some crystals J PHYS SOC JPN69 (8): 2702-2703 AUG 2000

Grima, JN, Evans, KE Auxetic behavior from rotating squares J MATER SCI LETT19 (17): 1563-1565 SEP 2000

Grima, JN, Evans, KE Self expanding molecular networks CHEM COMMUN(16): 1531-1532 2000

Alderson, KL, Fitzgerald, A, Evans, KE The strain dependent indentation resilience of auxetic microporous polyethylene J MATER SCI35 (16): 4039-4047 AUG 2000

Lowe, A, Lakes, RS Negative Poisson's ratio foam as seat cushion material CELL POLYM19 (3): 157-167 2000

Evans, KE, Alderson, A Auxetic materials: Functional materials and structures from lateral thinking! ADV MATER12 (9): 617-+ MAY 3 2000

Wang, Y, Cuitino, AM Three-dimensional nonlinear open-cell foams with large deformations J MECH PHYS SOLIDS48 (5): 961-988 MAY 2000

Tomlinson, GR Structural damping enhancement using a novel approach - a forward look P I MECH ENG C-J MEC214 (1): 103-112 2000

Alderson, A, Rasburn, J, Ameer-Beg, S, et al. An auxetic filter: A tuneable filter displaying enhanced size selectivity or defouling properties IND ENG CHEM RES39 (3): 654-665 MAR 2000

Scarpa, F, Tomlinson, G Theoretical characteristics of the vibration of sandwich plates with in-plane negative Poisson's ratio values J SOUND VIB230 (1): 45-67 FEB 10 2000

Zhang, RG, Yeh, HL, Yeh, HY A discussion of negative Poisson's ratio design for composites J REINF PLAST COMP18 (17): 1546-1556 1999

Smith, CW, Wootton, RJ, Evans, KE Interpretation of experimental data for Poisson's ratio of highly nonlinear materials EXP MECH39 (4): 356-362 DEC 1999

Yeh, HL, Yeh, HY, Zhang, RG A study of negative Poisson's ratio in randomly oriented quasi-isotropic composite laminates J COMPOS MATER33 (19): 1843-1857 1999

Kang, DS, Mahajan, MP, Zhang, SY, et al. Pretransitional behavior above the nematic-isotropic phase transition of an auxetic trimer liquid crystal PHYS REV E60 (4): 4980-4982 Part B OCT 1999

Xu, B, Arias, F, Brittain, ST, et al. Making negative Poisson's ratio microstructures by soft lithography ADV MATER11 (14): 1186-1189 OCT 1 1999

Smith, CW, Lehman, F, Wootton, RJ, et al. Strain dependent densification during indentation in auxetic foams CELL POLYM18 (2): 79-101 1999

Alderson, A A triumph of lateral thought CHEM IND-LONDON(10): 384-+ MAY 17 1999

Alderson, KL, Alderson, A, Webber, RS, et al. Evidence for uniaxial drawing in the fibrillated microstructure of auxetic microporous polymers J MATER SCI LETT17 (16): 1415-1419 AUG 15 1998

Chan, N, Evans, KE The mechanical properties of conventional and auxetic foams. Part I: Compression and tension J CELL PLAST35 (2): 130-+ MAR-APR 1999

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A novel foam structure is presented, which exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio. Such a material expands laterally when stretched, in contrast to ordinary materials.

Almgren, R. F. An isotropic three dimensional structure with Poisson's ratio = - 1 Journal of Elasticity. 1985; 15(4): 427-30
This presents a plan for a structure of rods, hinges, and springs

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